The Tech Leaf

What is Plotter Printer? A plotter Printer is a specialized graphical printer that is operate by the moving a pen over the surface of a paper. It uses mechanical, inkjet or thermal technology to create a large format images. Because of this, plotters are use for printing technical drawing or CAD application images. A niche use of plotters is in creating tangible images for visually handicapped people on special thermal cell paper. A plotter uses applications for design such as computer-aided design it able to provide faster and higher quality images compared to the other printers. It produced by the line-drawing process.  A desktop plotter it often used for business graphics. The early use XY-writers output device are digital control plotter which measures instruments and analog computers. The other printer which use to draw complex line art or text is pen plotter. It prints by moving a pen across the surface of the paper. Its performance is slow because of the movement of the pen. How

What is Laser Printer? A laser printer refers to a type of printers where the printers uses a laser beam to produce images or text on a paper. The main components of a laser printers are drum and toner. A laser printers can print both in black-and-white and color. It can print with a speed of 4-16 ppm and a resolution of 300-1200 dpi and higher. The text and image are produce by passing a laser beam front and back repeatedly with a cylinder called a drum. It uses a toner to transfer the image to paper where toner is a collection of electrical charge powder ink. The color laser printer prints 6000 pages per hours and it is a high-speed laser printers which is use in the workspace like office for printing huge number of pages and the cost of this technology is depending on the cost of paper, cost of toner, cost of drum replacements and cost of other replacements items such as fuser and transfer assembly. A color laser printers is commonly used colored toner such as cyan, magenta, yellow,

What is Dye Sublimation Printer? A dye-sublimation printers is refers to a type of printers. Thus the printer uses a printing process that utilizes a heat to transfer dye to a medium such as a printers paper, a plastic card or a poster paper. The printers are target primarily for printing a high-quality colour applications such as a colour photography and are less well-suite for a text. Therefore, they are commonly use as a dedicated consumer photo printers. The name sublimation was first applied due to a dye transition between the solid and a gas states without going to a liquid state and a dye-sublimation heat transfer imprinting a printers is use to imprint on a textiles by creating a transfer design in a imprinting printer.  Then the all-over print process is done at a lower temperature with a higher pressures. In this there are separate panels which use for each colour therefore a dye is stored in the polyester ribbon. The size of the colour panel is a medium which is use for a pr

What is Inkjet Printer? An inkjet printer is a output device. It refers to a type of printer where the printer sprays tiny droplets of ink onto the media. These ink droplet are slightly electrical charge. The ink droplet place on the media is then determine by the charge of a cathode and electrode between which the ink moves towards the media. Inkjet printers can produce both color and black-and-white printing. They offer printing speed of 2-4 ppm and resolution of 300-600 dpi. Inkjet printers are inexpensive, have low operating cost and produce high-quality printouts because of this inkjet printers are the most widely used consumer printers. The advantages and disadvantages are given below. Advantages Its Prints a high resolution and photographic quality. It estimation cost is low per page. Its practically has no warm-up time and printing speed is very high Disadvantages Ink Cartridges contains a microchip that is use to communicate the estimated ink level of the printer this may caus

What is Dot Matrix Printer? A dot matrix printer or impact matrix printer refers to a type of computer printers with a print head that contains a cluster of pins. The pins run back and front on the page and print by impact with striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against a paper similar to a typewriter. The Dot-matrix printers can print at a speed of 500 cps. Therefore a low-resolution dot matrix printers use 9 pins and a high-resolution dot matrix printer uses 24 pins. Then the low-resolution dot matrix is use to apply ink on the surface for layout.  In this a printer is able to print different patterns but not only the specific characters. Then a Dot-matrix printers are work as a non-impact method such as laser printers or inkjet printers where they also use the same process for printing. In this each dots produce by a wire or pin which is a tiny metal rod. The tiny electromagnet give the power to move forward directly small levers and a ribbon mask holder which facing the papers is

What is MICR Reader? The Magnetic Ink Character Recognition is widely used by a banks to process large volumes of cheques and a drafts. Therefore bottom line on all cheques and a drafts has a special characters which printed in a special font called a MICR. The Cheques are put inside a MICR reader. As they enter the reading unit the cheques are pass through the magnetic field which causes the read head to recognize the character of the cheques in a MICR line which uses a magnetic ink character recognition encoding. Therefore in the bottom of the cheque which contains a bank account number, a bank code, a cheque number, a cheque amounts and a control indicator. This are the banking process for filling a check form in a banks. This technology scans and read directly in to a data collection device similar to a barcode technologies in which a humans are easily reads a MICR characters. Therefore a MICR characters are printed on a documents with one or two MICR fonts by using the magnetizabl

What is OMR Scanner? The OMR scanner puts a shining beam of light on the document and detects the marked area from unmarked ones. This is possible because a marked area reflects more light in comparison to an unmarked area. An Optical Mark Recognition technique is use when students have appeared for objective type tests and they had to mark their answer by darkening a square or circular space by pencil. These answer sheets are directly fed to a computer for grading where OMR is use. Then users create their own forms in a word processor by using desktop OMR software and print it by a laser printer. The process of desktop OMR software is to work with an image scanner with the help of a document feeder which produces forms once filled out. For adding marks on OMR sheets a folder inserter equipment is use. In the sequence of black dashes in sheets the marks are added and the folder inserter equipment scans in order to determine and the usage area of OMR sheets are, It normally used for con

What is OCR Scanner? OCR Scanner is generally use in the field of pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and machine vision. OCRs are more expensive than MICR, though they are better than MICR. Optical Character Recognition or Optical Character Reader is use for direct reading of any printed character. It translates images of handwritten or typewritten text, usually captured by a scanner, into machine-editable text. A  OCR is use as a form of data entry which used to print a passport documents, invoice, statements, computerized receipt, business cards, etc,.  A Optical Character Recognition is a field of research in artificial intelligence, recognition and computer vision. An OCR is a type of images of electronic or mechanical combination. It is also used to convert a different types of document into a text. For example it convert printed character into a digital text. If you loss any important digital file such as passport, you can have a hard copy of it you will easily replace

What are the Types of Database Server? The following types of Database Server are such that Remote Database Servers Local Database Servers Remote Database Servers It provides a common logical interface to clients. The common interface is such as Structured Query language (SQL). It is also known as SQL Servers or Remote Database Management Systems (RDBMS). Therefore the remote database applications are two-tier applications or multi-tier applications. Types of SQL Servers Oracle Server Microsoft SQL Server DB Server Interbase Server Informix Server Local Database Servers It operates in your local area network or local drive and it accesses the data by APIs. It is also known as File-Based Database Servers. Therefore the local database applications are single-tier applications. Types of File Based Database Servers Access Server FoxPro Server            dBASE Server Paradox Server

What is Database Server? The database server is a server that maintains and shares any form of the database over the network. It is responsible for hosting one or more databases. The client applications perform database queries that retrieve data from or write data to the database that is hosts on the server and the client applications are like spreadsheets, accounting software, asset management software, or virtually any computer program that consumes well-organized data. The term database server refers to a back-end system and the user’s computer refers to a front-end system of a database application using a client-server architecture. Therefore the database servers functionality was provided by database management systems (DBMS) and the database. It performs tasks such as data manipulation, data storage, data archiving, and data analysis. The process of the database servers is the client execute SQL requests to the database servers and the database servers process the client execute

What are the List of Blade Server Products? The following list of blade server products are HPE Integrity  HPE Integrity Supremedome X NEC Sigmablade-M   NEC Sigmablade-H  Fujitsu Primergy BE Series  Hitechi Compute Bull Blade Servers Oracle Sun  Oracle Netra Modular System  Dell PowerEdge M  Intel MFSYS25  Cisco UCS Series Server Supermicro Super  Lenovo Flex System  HPE Blade System 

What is Blade Server? A blade server is a compact, high density, self-contained server that chassis housing multiple thin, modular electronic circuit boards, known as server blades. It is used in the datacenters to save space, minimize power consumption, reduce cooling expenses, redundancy, reduce cabling, increase storage capacity, and reduce energy cost. Each blade is a server in its own right, often dedicate to a single application. It consists of hot-plug hard drives, memory, input/output cards, and network cards. With enterprise-class blade servers, storage is external, and blades are diskless. A blade servers is used for hosting virtual platforms, file sharing, SSL encryption of web communication, streaming audio and video content, database hosting, and application hosting. Blade Server Benefits of Blade Servers The following benefits of blade servers are Minimize Power Consumption Storage Capacity is High Less needs for Cables High Space Saving Scalable Architecture Diskless or

What are the Types of Web Servers? The following types of Web Servers are such that Apache HTTP Web Server Microsoft Internet Information Services Web Server Lighttpd Web Server NGINX Web Server Jigsaw Web Server Sun Java System Web Server Apache HTTP Web Servers Apache HTTP server was develope by the Apache Software Foundation. It is open-source software and about 60 percent of web server machines run on Apache Web Servers. It supports almost all operating systems such as macOS, Linux, Windows, Unix, FreeBSD, etc,.  Benefits of Apache HTTP Web Servers Highly Reliable Better Performance Supports both Windows and Linux Operating Systems Flexible Source Code of Apache is Available for Free and No License is Require Microsoft Internet Information Services Web Servers IIS is a high performing web servers developed by Microsoft. It offers all the features of Apache HTTP Server and it is not open-source software, as well as modification becomes a bit difficult and it supports only the Window

What is Web Server? Web server is server software that runs websites. It can satisfy client requests on the World Wide Web by delivering web pages to the browser. The general purpose of a web server is to store, process, and deliver web pages to users. The communication between client and server is done by using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). These web pages are mostly static content of HTML documents which include style sheets, images, scripts for text content, etc, A web server also supports server-side scripting using Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Active Server Pages (ASP) and other scripting languages. Apart from HTTP, a web server can also support Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) for emailing, and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for file transfer and storage. When a website is developed, it was hosted on the webserver, to make it available for other users to see. The website will open in browsers like chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and Internet Explorer. Users can able

Steps for How to Setup a Proxy Internet Explorer Proxy Settings Click Tools -> Click on Internet Options -> Select the Connections Tab -> Go to LAN settings and click on it -> Select “Use a proxy server for your LAN” option - > Enter the Port Number and the IP Address of the Server -> Click OK. Google Chrome Proxy Settings Select the button on the topmost right corner  -> Click on Settings -> Choose Advanced option -> Under advanced option select System -> Under system option Click on Open your computer's proxy settings -> Click LAN Settings -> Select “Use a proxy server for your LAN” option -> Enter the Port Number and the IP Address of the Server -> Click OK.

What are the Types of Proxy? Proxies were mediate connections in multiple ways and affect only certain parts of the connection. However, there are various types of hardware and software that configure these proxies, each creating a unique types of proxy. Residential Proxy Datacenter Proxy Anonymous Proxy Private Proxy Public Proxy Dedicated Proxy Shared Proxy

What are the Types of Proxy Servers? There are different types of proxy servers which used in every day by different clients and networks. Let’s see the following types of proxy servers. Reverse Proxy Servers Rotating Proxy Servers Web Proxy Servers High Anonymity Proxy Servers Forward Proxy Servers Transparent Proxy Servers CGI Proxy Servers Suffix Proxy Servers Distorting Proxy Servers TOR Onion Proxy Servers I2P Anonymous Proxy Servers DNS Proxy Servers

What are the Proxy Servers Protocols? The   following Proxy Servers Protocols are such that HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol FTP - File Transfer Protocol SSL - Secure Sockets Layer SOCKS - Socket Secure

What is Proxy Server? A proxy server is a server application or software that acts as an intermediate between an endpoint device or acts as a gateway between you and the internet. Such as computer and another server from which a user or client is requesting a service. The main purpose of a proxy servers is to improve performance and to filter requests. While HTTP, FTP, and Secure protocols can also be filtered by the proxy servers. It sits between the client application, such as a web browser and a real server. Therefore the proxy servers provides different levels of functionality, security, and privacy it depends on your needs or company policy. However, its helps to prevent an attacker from invading a private network and it is one of the tools to build a firewall. Proxy Server Structure Benefits of Proxy Server Save Bandwidth Improve Speed (Using a Caching System) Improve Security Privacy Benefits Internet Usage Control Access to the blocked Resource Related Post Proxy Servers Protoc

What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves storing data, accessing data and programs over the internet instead of your computer’s hard drive. It is usually classified on the basis of location or on the service that the cloud is offering. The name “cloud computing” that often used to represent the Internet in flowcharts and diagrams. Cloud Computing Based on Service The four categories of cloud computing based on service are such as Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS), Software as a service (SaaS), and Function as a service (FaaS). These are also called the cloud computing stack because they on top of one another. Cloud Computing Based on Location The four types of cloud computing based on location are such as public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud. They are compare to provide different levels of security and management requirements, it will depend on which type of data you are working with.

What is Cloud Server? A cloud server is a logical server or a virtual server, a services are made available to customers on-demand via the internet, rather than being provided by a single server or physical server running in cloud computing environment. It is a logical server that built, hosted, and delivered via cloud computing over internet or accessed by remotely. The cloud server hosting services are provided by multiple connected servers that comprise a cloud. It is also refers to cloud computing where multiple servers are link together to share the load. The cloud services include data hosting, web hosting, and sharing and application or software use. There are three types of cloud servers that is public cloud servers, private cloud server, and dedicated cloud servers. Benefits of Cloud Servers Stability and Security High Performance Scalability Easy to upgrade

What is Application Server? The application server is a server designed to host applications for end-users it is also called the app server. It is a program that handles all application operations. It provides both facilities to create web applications and a server environment to run them. Therefore in the three-tier client/server environment it provides middle-tier processing between the user’s machine and database management system (DBMS). Therefore the purpose of the application servers is to run software programs. It works together with server operating systems and server hardware to provide services to the residing applications. However a application servers is uses to install, operate and associate services for end-users, organizations, IT services, and facilitates the delivery and hosting of business applications or high-end consumer. Depending on what is installed, an application servers is classified in a number of ways, such as a web servers, store servers, enterprise applica

What are the Types of Servers? Application Servers Web Servers Cloud Servers Proxy Servers Blade Servers Fax Servers Database Servers Mail Servers Media Servers Print Servers Dedicated Servers Policy Servers Application Servers Application servers is a type of server designed to host applications for end-users and it is also called app servers. It is a program that handles all application operations. It provides both facilities to create web applications and a server environment to run them. Web Servers Web servers is server software that runs websites. It can satisfy client requests on the World Wide Web by delivering web pages to the browser. Therefore the general purpose of web servers is to store, process, and deliver web pages to users. Cloud Servers A cloud server is a virtual server or a logical server, services are made available to customers on-demand via the internet, rather than being provided by a single server or physical server. It is also known as virtual servers. Pro

What is Client-server Model? It is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service called servers, and service requesters called clients. The connection is established through a local network or over the internet. Therefore in a client-server architecture, when the client requests a service or resources to the servers through the internet, the servers accept the client's request and delivers the resources or services to the client. For example, the Servers include web servers, database servers, chat servers, email servers, and file servers and the clients include email software, web browser, files, and chat application. The client devices are such as laptops, desktop computers, tablets, and smartphones. Client-Server Model The Protocols and Web Technologies built around the client-Server Model are Domain Name System (DNS) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Telnet

What is Server? It is a device or computer on a network that manages network resources such as network traffic. A single computer can execute several programs at once. A Server, in this case, could refer to the program that is managing resources rather than the entire computer. It provides functionality for other computers and its users called clients. This architecture is called a client-server model . It can provide various services like providing data to other computers, sharing resources among multiple clients, and performing computation for a client. The computer that makes the request and receives the response from the servers on a local area network (LAN) or on a wide area network (WAN) over the internet. It works as a device which configured to listen to request from the clients on a network. This functionality can exist as a part of the server operating system as installed applications and roles. These days the server is nothing then the software running on physical comp

What is Printer? Another widely used output device is a printer and it is a computer peripheral device. A printer produces a hard copy of a processed text or a result. A hard copy refers to a permanent human-readable text or graphics taken on physical print media such as paper or transparency. A printer will use toner to provide a quality print on paper, a toner is a replaceable material. Once the toner gets empty we can refill it and reuse it.  Most of the printers are used for commercial purposes such as private offices, industries, government offices, photo studios, etc,. Most of the printers are used to print emails, documents, files, images, color photos, color documents, color posts, banners, advertisement posters, etc,. There are the following 5 types of printers such as dot matrix printer, inkjet printer, laser printer, dye-sublimation printer, and plotter printer this are all the printer which uses nowadays for a printing purpose. A printer is characterized by the following tw

What is Speaker? The speaker is used to produce audio output. The speaker works in conjunction with a sound card to produce the audio output. A speaker is connected with the computer to play an audio file by using mp3 players, but a speaker needs a power supply via an AC adaptor to produce sound. The audio signal connector jack is a 3.5mm plug. But a USB port supporting speakers it supplies both audio signal and power in one place and as well as inbuilt battery wireless Bluetooth speaker no need to connect to a USB port or AC adaptor for the audio signal as well as power supply. The speaker has a subwoofer that contains an amplifier to enhance the output of bass sound on both the left and right speakers produce a large quality sound with bass. Speaker Some of the common features that are included in most of the speakers are: AN LED indicator A 3.5mm (1/8-inch) headphone jack Volume controllers that include controls for bass and treble A remote volume control Types Of Speakers Wired Min

Computer Monitor or VDUs   The Computer Monitor or VDUs is most popular output device is the Visual Display Unit (VDU), which is the standard output device. It is also called the monitor. It is a piece of electrical equipment that displays images and texts as generated by a computer without producing a permanent record. A monitor usually consists of either a cathode ray tube (CRT) or some form of the flat panel such as a TFT LCD display. The following is an image of a CRT monitor. Types of Monitors CRT Monitor     TFT LCD Monitor  LED Monitor               CRT Monitor The CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. It displays images into a screen with the help of a vacuum tube which contains electron guns were the electron beam deflects onto the screen to produce an image. Any way CRT is also used as a memory device. CRT Monitor TFT LCD Monitor The TFT LCD stands for Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display. It improves image quality such as contrast with the help of a Thin Film Transi

What is Microphone? A Microphone is an input device used for recording a audio in a computer. However, to do this you also need a sound card installed in your computer. A sound card converts an analog sound signal to a digital form and a digital sound signal to its analog form. The Microphone are mainly use in many areas such as concert halls, radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, telephones, sound recording, hearing aids, public events and in computer used for voice recording, speech recognition and VoIP.  There are also types in this such that dynamic microphones, condenser microphones and contact microphones.  First dynamic microphones is uses a magnetic field with a suspended coil of wire . Second condenser microphones is uses a capacitor plate with vibrating diaphragm. Third contact microphones are uses a piezoelectric with a crystal.  A Dynamic Mics is used in Studio to produce all kind of sounds. It is insensitive which perfects for loud sounds. It is the unidirectional p

What is Joystick? A joystick is an input device that is use to control on-screen objects or cursor by manoeuvring a small lever called stick instead of using the cursor keys or mouse and it is commonly use for control player movements in video or computer games. It is also known as control column. It is use to control aircraft’s flight as a control unit for military aircraft it has supplementary switches. A Joysticks are also use for controlling machines such as cranes, wheelchairs, trucks, surveillance cameras, and underwater unmanned vehicles. It has push button which helps the gamer to climb a mountains. It is mainly use for playing video games in the video game console industries. There is different types of joystick is available that is digital, paddle, analog and joypads.  In crane it is use to move or lift a heavy materials where, crane is a machine which moves heavy materials from one place to another. In wheelchairs it is use to control the direction of wheels where wheelchair

What is Barcode Reader? A Barcode Reader is a readable representation of information in a visual format on a surface. It is converts to 1's and 0's by using dark ink on the white substrate to create a high and low reflection. It is a machine use to read the barcode which are print on every item purchase from a department store. Its helps to keep a tracking of a items in the store and also a reduces the instances of the shoplifting. A barcode scanner can be scan a printed barcodes. It also scan a data from a printed barcode and send it to a computer. It consists of light source which translate light sensor into a electrical signals. All the barcode have a decoder circuit which used to analyze a barcode’s image data which provided by the sensor and send the content to the output port of scanner. A barcode reader scans a printed barcode data and import it to computer device to store a data into a computer system. However barcode is use in government project like exam center for re

What is Scanner Device? A scanner device is an optical device that analyzes images, printed text, or handwriting and converts it to a digital image. Therefore keyboard can input only text through keys provided in it. Because if we want to input a picture a keyboard cannot do that. However for input a picture we need a scanners which gives image as a input. The object that converts it to a digital images it was used in offices. In this a pictures are placed on a glass for scanning. The Drum Scanners is used as a photo multiplier tube for a high image quality. A Rotary scanner is a type of drum scanners which used as a charge coupled device instead of a photo multiplier.  A Non Contact Planetary scanners is used as a photographs essentials. However a Modern Scanners is used as a charge coupled device or contact image sensor. All this scanners are two dimensional which is usually flat. There are four types of scanners such as Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, Optical Mark Reader, Optica

What is Computer Mouse? A Mouse is the pointing device used to move a graphical pointer on the screen. This graphical pointer is also called cursor. It used to perform some operations like giving commands, draw images and perform other input tasks. The mice controlling a computer systems was first produced in public demonstration in the year 1968. In plural it called mice. There are several variants available in market today. One of the most popular is optical mice. It doesn’t have a ball. and it uses a laser to sense the motion of the mice instead. It is a pointing device which used to detect motion.  First of all it is originally used as a ball rolling in surface to detect motion, but nowadays it was made up of optical sensor. Computer mice also have buttons which allows to do operations such as selecting menu items on display and scroll wheels is used for scrolling of pages. There are scroll wheels mice, optical mice and ball rolling mice.The operations are selecting a file or folde