IEEE 802.1X

What is IEEE 802.1X?

IEEE 802.1X is an IEEE standard for post based network access control (PNAC). It is a part of IEEE 802.1 group of networking protocols. It provides an authentication mechanism to devices wishing to attach to a LAN or WLAN. IEEE 802.1X defines the encapsulation of the extensible authentication protocol (EAP), which is known as “EAP over LAN” or EAPOL. EAPOL was originally designed for IEEE 802.3 Ethernet in 802.1X-2001, but it was clarified to suit other IEEE 802 LAN technologies such as IEEE 802.11 wireless and fiber distribution data interface (ISO 9314-2) in 802.1X-2004. 802.1X authentication involves three parties such that a supplicant, an authenticator, and an authentication server.

The supplicant is a client device such as laptop that can be able to attach to the LAN or WLAN. The term “supplicant” is also used interchangeably to refer to the software running on the client that provides credentials to the authenticator. The authenticator is a network device which provides a data link layer between the client and the network and can allow or block network traffic between the two, such as an Ethernet switch or wireless access point.

The authentication server is typical trusted server that can receive and respond to the requests for network access, and can tell the authenticator if the connection is to be allowed, and various settings that should apply to that client’s connection or setting. Therefore the authentication server typically run software supporting the RADIUS and EAP protocols. In some cases, the authentication server software may be running on the authenticator hardware.

Typical Authentication Procedure

The typical authentication procedure consists of

Initialization
Initiation
Negotiation
Authentication

Learn about IEEE 802.11b

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