The Tech Leaf

What is NAT? NAT stands for “Network Address Translation” it allows a host that does not have a valid registered IP address communicates with other hosts through the internet. NAT uses a valid registered IP address to represent the non-registered IP address. Non-registered IP address used inside a network that is known as “Private Address”. NAT operates on a router, usually connecting two networks together, and translates the non-register private addresses into registered legal public addresses before packets are forward to another network. NAT offers the dual functions of security and address conservation and is typically implemented in remote-access environments. It allows a single device, such as a router, to act as an agent between the public network or internet and private network or local network and a single unique IP address is required to represent an entire group of computers to anything outside their network. NAT Addresses Types Inside Addresses - It refers to the addr

What is Net Send? Net Send is a command that used to sends messages to other computers, PC users, or messaging names on the computer network. The Messenger service should be running to receive netsend messages. In this user can send a message only to a name that is online on the network. If the message is sent to a specified username, that user must be logged on and running the Messenger service to receive the netsend message. How to use Net Send Command First Click on “Start” button -> Choose “Run” -> type “cmd” then click enter button-> command prompt (cmd.exe) will appear -> type Net Send command syntax as “NET SEND {name | * | /Domain[:name] | /USERS} message” Where, the followings are Name -> Can be user name, PC name, or messaging name to send the message to. If the name is a computer name that contains blank characters, it need to be enclosed the alias in quotation marks (" "). * -> Sends the message to all the names in y

Minimum Requirements for Networking The minimum requirements for networking are 4 to 6 computers and 4 to 6 network interface cards, Cat 6 cables for LAN connections and 4 to 6 network operating systems software, 4 to 6 IP addresses for network connections, and the set of rules (network protocol). The minimum requirements for networking are 4 to 6 computers and 4 to 6 network interface cards, Cat 6 cables for LAN connections and 4 to 6 network operating systems software, 4 to 6 IP addresses for network connections, and the set of rules (network protocol). The following Minimum Requirements For Networking is PC’s NIC ( N/W interface card  (or) Either net card ) Cables  & Connector Network OS IP-Address (Internet protocol) Protocol (Set of  rules) PC’s (Computers) Therefore networking we need to buy 4 to 6 computer sets like Monitors, Cabinets with CPU, Keyboards, and Mouse. Such as the basic essentials for computer systems to work fine. However, a CPU is a cen

What is  Mesh Topology? Mesh Topology is a topology in which each computer has alternative ways to communicate with each other. It provides both advantages and disadvantages. It is a local area network that includes switches/hubs, bridges, cables, and nodes to directly connect. A mesh net is a self-organized and self-configured network. The dynamic distribution of workloads is enabled by a self-configured network. It is maybe contacted to star or tree network therefore where bridges and switches are directly linked to a small subset of other bridges and switches and the link between this hierarchical. Where star and tree networks are highly standards, vendor assure and well establish, but mesh network devices are not all agreed for its standards and also because the ability of computers to exchange between different devices from a different vendors is not assure. Therefore in mesh network it transfers data from node to node by checking his path is available or broken. If the path i

What is Managing Disk? The Managing Disk is was use to manage the partition to increase the performance and provide a flawless usage to the user and it was divide into two types one is basic and another one is Dynamic Disk. Types of Disks Basic Disks Dynamic Disks Difference Between Basic and Dynamic Disks S No. BASIC DISKS DYNAMIC DISKS 1 Created By Default          To Be Converted Form Basic Disk 2 Partition Can Be Created          Volume Con Be Created 3 Two Type Of Partitions Available          Five Type Of Volume Available 4 A Minimum Of 4 Partition Can Be Created          Unlimited Number Of Volume Can Be                                Created Note: Two Partitions Are 1) Primary      2) Extended Each Primary Partition Can Have Extended Partition *Extended Can Be Farther Divid

W hat is LAN? LAN stands for “Local Area Network” is a network that is contains within a limited area, such as a single building (school, residence, laboratory, college, university campus, office). Every computer connected to the network (via LAN) is said to be “on the network”. The technical term for a computer that’s on the network is a node. Local Area Network has the two most common technologies such that Ethernet and Wi-Fi. Types of LAN There are two types of LAN such that client/server LAN and peer-to-peer LAN. A client/server LAN consists of several devices (the clients) connected to a central server. The server manages file storage, application access, device access, and network traffic. A peer-to-peer LAN doesn't have a central server and cannot handle heavy workloads like a client/server LAN can, and so they're typically smaller. On a peer-to-peer LAN, each device shares equally in the functioning of the network. The devices share resources and data through wire

Layers of ISO Model OSI layers it is a layered architecture, which defined the network standard given by the ISO and therefore OSI layers has standardized level of service & type of interaction for computer exchanging information through a communication network. ISO: International Standard Organisation IOS : International Organisation for Standardization OSI: Open System Interconnects However, the OSI models separates computer to computer communication into several protocol layer ‘s and the highest one is application layer & the lowest is Physical layer. Advantages It divides the N/W communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus easy to design, develop & trouble shoot. It allows multiple vendors development through standards and therefore it allows different manufactures hardware & N/W components to communicate. Therefore it prevents changes in one layer, affecting the other layer. ISO Layers APPLICATION  

What is ISP? ISP stands for "Internet Service Provider". It is an organisation that provides services for participating, accessing, or using in the Internet. Such that the Internet service providers are organised in different forms. The forms are community owned forms, private owned forms, commercial forms, or non-profitable forms. ISP's can be used to provide Internet Services that may be include Colocation, Internet access, Web hosting, Internet transit, Usenet service, and Domain name registration. An ISP is actually act as access point or the gateway to the user, which provides access to everything available on the Internet to the user. History of ISP In 1980's Online Service Provider were establish as CompuServe and America On-Line (AOL) and process set in place towards public. Began to offer limited capabilities to access the Internet, such as E-mail interchanging. But full access to the Internet was not readily available to the general public. The first

ISO Network Management Model The ISO Network Management Model has contributed a great deal to network standardization. Its network management model is the primary means for understanding the major functions of network management systems. This model consists of five conceptual areas. 1. Performance Management The goal of performance management is to measure and make available various aspects of network performance so that internet work performance can be maintain at an acceptable level because of performance variables that might be provided include network throughput, user response times, and line utilization. 2. Configuration Management The goal of configuration management is to monitor network and system configuration information so that the effects on network operation of various versions of hardware and software elements can be tracked and managed. 3. Accounting Management The goal of accounting management is to measure network utilization parameters so that individu